Avian influenza (bird flu): what you need to know now

Bird flu is a type of influenza virus that mainly infects birds but can sometimes jump to people. When that happens, it can cause anything from mild illness to severe lung infection. Knowing the signs, how it spreads, and what to do if you’re exposed can keep you and your family safer.

How avian influenza spreads and signs to watch for

The virus spreads among birds through saliva, nasal secretions, and droppings. People usually get infected after close contact with sick birds, contaminated surfaces, or by handling raw poultry without proper hygiene. Rarely, human-to-human spread can happen but it’s not the main way the virus moves.

Watch for symptoms that look like regular flu but can progress faster: fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, shortness of breath, and sometimes eye irritation or diarrhea. If you’ve handled birds and develop these symptoms, tell your doctor about the exposure—testing or antiviral treatment may be needed.

Practical steps to protect yourself and poultry

If you work with poultry or visit live bird markets, use simple protections: wear gloves, avoid touching your face, wash hands with soap and water, and disinfect boots and equipment. Cook poultry and eggs to an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C). Don’t let kids play where birds roam, and avoid contact with sick or dead wild birds.

For backyard flocks, isolate new birds for two weeks, keep coop areas clean, and report sudden deaths to local animal health authorities. Vaccines for poultry exist in some places and can help control outbreaks; human vaccines are limited and usually targeted to specific strains when available.

Treatment for people usually involves antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir. These are prescription medicines and work best when started early. Take advice from your doctor—don’t try to self-treat with unproven remedies. Some herbal products are discussed online as “antivirals,” but evidence is mixed and they should never replace medical care.

If you suspect exposure or feel very unwell—high fever, trouble breathing, or confusion—seek medical care immediately. Public health teams may test contacts, provide antivirals to close contacts in some outbreaks, and issue local guidance to limit spread.

Finally, stay informed. Health agencies publish updates if a new bird flu strain starts spreading. If you travel to areas with outbreaks, follow local advisories, avoid live bird markets, and maintain good hand hygiene. Small precautions protect you and help stop outbreaks before they grow.